Results

The final (posterior) albedo and snow-related coefficients are presented in the tables below.

Albedo coefficients for vegetated, snowed and non-biological surfaces

PFT	1	2	3	4	5	6	7	8	9	10	11	12	13
	near infrared
\(alb_\mathsf{leaf}\)	—	0.23	0.18	0.18	0.20	0.24	0.15	0.26	0.20	0.24	0.27	0.28	0.26
\(alb_\mathsf{snow,aged}\)	0.50	—	—	0.10	0.37	0.08	0.16	0.17	0.27	0.44	0.44	0.44	0.44
\(alb_\mathsf{snow,dec}\)	0.13	—	—	0.10	0.10	0.16	0.04	0.07	0.08	0.12	0.12	0.12	0.12
\(alb_\mathsf{nobio}\)	0.2
	visible
\(alb_\mathsf{leaf}\)	—	0.04	0.04	0.04	0.04	0.03	0.03	0.03	0.03	0.06	0.06	0.06	0.06
\(alb_\mathsf{snow,aged}\)	0.74	—	—	0.08	0.24	0.07	0.18	0.18	0.33	0.57	0.57	0.57	0.57
\(alb_\mathsf{snow,dec}\)	0.21	—	—	0.14	0.08	0.17	0.05	0.06	0.09	0.15	0.15	0.15	0.15
\(alb_\mathsf{nobio}\)	0.6

Parameters involved in snow calculations

Parameter	Value
\(d_\mathsf{snow,cri}\), m	0.1
\(\rho_\mathsf{snow,cri}\), kg/m3	330
\(tcst_\mathsf{snow}\), days	10
\(age_\mathsf{snow,max}\), days	50
\(trans_\mathsf{snow}\), m	0.2

The prior, first-guess (JRC TIP) and posterior background albedo maps and their differences are shown on the figures below.

The prior and posterior ORCHIDEE albedo seasonal time-series together with the MODIS data are shown below for several latitude bands and regions.