ANNEX

ESA CCI LAND COVER

Annex

1. LUH dataset structure

The LUH dataset v3.1.1 is distributed at 0.25° resolution, covers the period 850-2024 on the yearly basis, and is represented by 12 classes with 1 fixed layer (ice and water) as shown below:

N	LUH CLASS	Description
1	primf	forested primary land
2	primn	non-forested primary land
3	secdf	potentially forested secondary land
4	secdn	potentially non-forested secondary land
5	urban	urban land
6	c3ann	C3 annual crops
7	c4ann	C4 annual crops
8	c3per	C3 perennial crops
9	c4per	C4 perennial crops
10	c3nfx	C3 nitrogen-fixing crops
11	pastr	managed pasture
12	range	rangeland
13	icwtr	ice and water (fixed)

2. ESA CCI LC dataset structure

The ESA CCI LC dataset v2.0.82 is distributed at 300m resolution, covers the period 1992-2020 on the yearly basis, and is represented by 17 generic PFTs shown below:

N	Generic PFT	Description
1	TREE-BE	broadleaf evergreen trees
2	TREE-BD	broadleaf deciduous trees
3	TREE-NE	needleleaf evergreen trees
4	TREE-ND	needleleaf deciduous trees
5	SHRUB-BE	broadleaf evergreen shrubs
6	SHRUB-BD	broadleaf deciduous shrubs
7	SHRUB-NE	needleleaf evergreen shrubs
8	SHRUB-ND	needleleaf deciduous shrubs
9	GRASS-NAT-C3	C3 natural grass
10	GRASS-NAT-C4	C4 natural grass
11	GRASS-MAN-C3	C3 managed grass
12	GRASS-MAN-C4	C4 managed grass
13	BARE	bare soil
14	BUILT	urban land
15	SNOWICE	snow and ice
16	WATER-INLAND	inland water
17	WATER-OCEAN	ocean water

The ESA CCI LC dataset v2.0.8 contains 15 generic PFTs without the split between C3 and C4 grasses (GRASS-NAT instead of GRASS-NAT-C3 and GRASS-NAT-C4; GRASS-MAN instead of GRASS-MAN-C3 and GRASS-MAN-C4).

3. Merged ESA+LUH dataset structure

The merged ESA+LUH dataset is distributed at 0.25° resolution (LUH native resolution), and is represented by 18 generic PFTs shown below:

N	Generic PFT	Description
1	TREE-BE	broadleaf evergreen trees
2	TREE-BD	broadleaf deciduous trees
3	TREE-NE	needleleaf evergreen trees
4	TREE-ND	needleleaf deciduous trees
5	SHRUB-BE	broadleaf evergreen shrubs
6	SHRUB-BD	broadleaf deciduous shrubs
7	SHRUB-NE	needleleaf evergreen shrubs
8	SHRUB-ND	needleleaf deciduous shrubs
9	GRASS-C3	C3 grass
10	GRASS-C4	C4 grass
11	CROP-C3	C3 crops
12	CROP-C4	C4 crops
13	BARE	bare soil
14	BUILT	urban land
15	SNOWICE	snow and ice
16	WATER-INLAND	inland water
17	WATER-OCEAN	ocean water
18	PASTURE	pasture

4. Cross-walking table transforming 38 ESA CCI classes into generic PFTs

The ESA CCI LC dataset v2.0.7 (this version number is used for years 1992-2015 and v2.1.1 is used for years 2016-2022) is represented by 38 ESA CCI classes. Transformation into generic PFTs is done with the following cross-walking table involving the use of additional Köppen-Geiger map for climate classification:

N	CCI CLASS	KG CLASS	TREES				SHRUBS				GRASSES		Bare Soil	Water	Snow and Ice	Urban	No Data
N	CCI CLASS	KG CLASS	TrBrEv	TrBrDe	TrNeEv	TrNeDe	ShBrEv	ShBrDe	ShNeEv	ShNeDe	NatGr	Crops	Bare Soil	Water	Snow and Ice	Urban	No Data
1	0 no data																100
2	10 cropland, rainfed										10	90
3	11 cropland, rainfed, herbaceous cover										10	90
4	12 cropland, rainfed, tree or shrub cover							70				30
5	20 cropland, irrigated or post-flooding										10	90
6	30 mosaic cropland (>50%) / natural vegetation (tree, shrub, herbaceous cover) (<50%)		5	5			5	5	5		15	60
7	40 mosaic natural vegetation (tree, shrub, herbaceous cover) (>50%) / cropland (<50%)		7.5	7.5			10	15	10		30	20
8	50 tree cover, broadleaved, evergreen, closed to open (>15%)		90				5	5
9	60 tree cover, broadleaved, deciduous, closed to open (>15%)			50				20			30
10	61 tree cover, broadleaved, deciduous, closed (>40%)			70				15			15
11	62 tree cover, broadleaved, deciduous, open (15-40%)			30				25			45
12	70 tree cover, needleleaved, evergreen, closed to open (>15%)				70		5	5	5		15
13	71 tree cover, needleleaved, evergreen, closed (>40%)				70		5	5	5		15
14	72 tree cover, needleleaved, evergreen, open (15-40%)				30				25		45
15	80 tree cover, needleleaved, deciduous, closed to open (>15%)					50	2.5	2.5	2.5	12.5	30
16	81 tree cover, needleleaved, deciduous, closed (>40%)					70	5	5	5		15
17	82 tree cover, needleleaved, deciduous, open (15-40%)					30				25	45
18	90 tree cover, mixed leaf type (broadleaved and needleleaved)			30	20	10	5	5	5		25
19	100 mosaic tree and shrub (>50%) / herbaceous cover (<50%)		10	20	5	5	5	10	5		40
20	110 mosaic herbaceous cover (>50%) / tree and shrub (<50%)		5	10	5		5	10	5		60
21	120 shrubland	1 Tropical					15	30	15		40
		21 Temperate Warm					15	30	15		40
		22 Temperate Cool					15	30	15		40
		31 Boreal Warm					20	40	20		20
		32 Boreal Cool					20	40	20		20
22	121 shrubland, evergreen	1 Tropical					30		30		40
		21 Temperate Warm					30		30		40
		22 Temperate Cool					30		30		40
		31 Boreal Warm					40		40		20
		32 Boreal Cool					40		40		20
23	122 shrubland, deciduous	1 Tropical						60			40
		21 Temperate Warm						60			40
		22 Temperate Cool						60			40
		31 Boreal Warm						80			20
		32 Boreal Cool						80			20
24	130 grassland										100
25	140 lichens and mosses										100
26	150 sparse vegetation (tree, shrub, herbaceous cover) (<15%)	1 Tropical		5				5			20		70
		21 Temperate Warm		5	5			5	5		30		50
		22 Temperate Cool		5	5			5	5		30		50
		31 Boreal Warm		3	3	3		4	4	3	65		15
		32 Boreal Cool		3	3	3		4	4	3	65		15
27	151 sparse trees (<15%)	1 Tropical		10							20		70
		21 Temperate Warm		10	10						30		50
		22 Temperate Cool		10	10						30		50
		31 Boreal Warm		7.5	7.5	5					65		15
		32 Boreal Cool		7.5	7.5	5					65		15
28	152 sparse shrub (<15%)	1 Tropical						10			20		70
		21 Temperate Warm						10	10		30		50
		22 Temperate Cool						10	10		30		50
		31 Boreal Warm						7.5	7.5	5	65		15
		32 Boreal Cool						7.5	7.5	5	65		15
29	153 sparse herbaceous cover (<15%)	1 Tropical									30		70
		21 Temperate Warm									50		50
		22 Temperate Cool									50		50
		31 Boreal Warm									85		15
		32 Boreal Cool									85		15
30	160 tree cover, flooded, fresh or brakish water		37.5	37.5							25
31	170 tree cover, flooded, saline water		75				25
32	180 shrub or herbaceous cover, flooded, fresh/saline/brakish water							25	15		60
33	190 urban areas															100
34	200 bare areas												100
35	201 bare areas, consolidated												100
36	202 bare areas, unconsolidated												100
37	210 water bodies													100
38	220 permanent snow and ice														100